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				<publisherName>Zibeline International Publishing</publisherName>
				<publisherLoc>Malaysian Journal of Geosciences</publisherLoc>
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			<doi origin="razipublishing" registered="yes">10.26480/mjg.02.2025.146.153</doi>
			
			<issn type="online">2521-0920</issn>
			<issn type="print">2521-0602</issn>
			
			<titleGroup>
				<title type="subject" xml:lang="en" sort="Malaysian Journal of Geosciences">Malaysian Journal of Geosciences</title>
				<title type="title">3-D GEO-CELLULAR MODEL OF A LOW NET-TO-GROSS FLUVIAL OUTCROP: IMPLICATIONS OF FACIES-SCALE SEDIMENTARY HETEROGENEITY ON STATIC PROPERTIES IN RESERVOIR ANALOGUES</title>
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			<copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2017 Zibeline International Publishing</copyright>
			
			<eventGroup>
				<event type="publication_date" date="13-11-2025"/>
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				<creator xml:id="BAO" creatorRole="editor">
					<personName>
						<editorNames>Bayonle A. Omoniyi</editorNames> 
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                       <creator xml:id="OK" creatorRole="editor">
					<personName>
						<editorNames>Olakunle Kayode</editorNames> 
					</personName>
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                <creator xml:id="AD" creatorRole="editor">
					<personName>
						<editorNames>Afolabi Dolapo</editorNames> 
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		<citation_keywords>
		    <keyword>Sand-body architecture, internal geometry, geological modelling, flow barriers, fluvial reservoir</keyword>
		</citation_keywords>
			
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		     <pdf_url>https://zibelinepub.com/archives/2mjg2025/2mjg2025-146-153.pdf</pdf_url>
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	   <citation_volume>
	       <volume>9</volume>
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	   <citation_issue>
	        <issue>2</issue>
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	   <citation_pages>
	      <pages>146-153</pages>
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			<title type="main">Summary</title>
			
					<p>This study focusses on geological modelling of a fluvial outcrop analogue, illustrating the impact of stratigraphic architecture on sand-body distribution, internal geometry, and stacking on sedimentary heterogeneity and static properties. Outcrop measurements and sedimentological logs generated from a 4.8 km2-section  provide data for modelling two lithostratigraphic zones from the three zones recognised. The model consists  of a Cartesian grid with 576 cells and 544 cells in the horizontal directions. Each cell is 5 m x 5 m along hori zontal directions and 4.3 m along depth. Facies object method was used for modelling lithology and Sequen tial Gaussian Simulation for modelling porosity and permeability data sourced from a subsurface analogue.  The results reveal that a major channel element in Zone 1 has complex ribbon geometry marked by upward  thinning and fining sequences. In this zone, intraformational mudrock rip-up clasts form channel lags with  potential as flow baffles in pebbly sandstone intervals while thick floodplain mudrock limits lateral continuity  of interbedded sandstone, posing huge risks to lateral sweep. Crevasse splays in Zone 2 improve lateral con tinuity of interbedded sandstone. However, mud-prone heterolithic deposits may pose a significant risk to  vertical sweep in poorly connected splay intervals. Therefore, drilling horizontal laterals from existing wells into such intervals and/or adopting a gas-based depletion strategy may improve areal sweep in previously bypassed low-connectivity zones. In hydrocarbon fields where overbank sheets are sandwiched between  thick floodplain fines, exemplified by Zone 3, in-place volume may be uneconomic to warrant development.</p>
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