This study presents an integrated geophysical and geological analysis of Katsina and Kaduna to evaluate their structural framework, hydrogeological significance, and resource potential. Utilizing geophysical maps, including Free Air gravity anomalies, regional and residual anomalies, phase symmetry, CET lineament, and rose diagram analyses, the study identifies major subsurface structures influencing groundwater movement, mineralization, and hydrocarbon prospectivity. The dominant NE-SW and NW-SE trending lineaments align with regional tectonic forces, controlling fault-bounded aquifers, mineralized zones, and hydrocarbon traps. Gravity anomalies highlight basement highs and sedimentary basins with implications for petroleum exploration, while the phase symmetry map delineates structural discontinuities essential for fluid migration. The findings underscore the importance of fracture-controlled aquifers for sustainable water resource management, emphasize the role of structurally controlled mineral deposits in guiding exploration strategies, and reinforce the significance of basement structures in hydrocarbon prospectivity. The study recommends targeted hydrogeological surveys, advanced geophysical exploration techniques, and policy-driven resource management initiatives to optimize groundwater utilization, mineral extraction, and hydrocarbon exploration. By integrating geophysical and geological data, this research provides a comprehensive framework for subsurface investigations in Katsina and Kaduna, contributing to informed decision-making in resource development and environmental sustainability.