Siltation, the accumulation of sediment particles in aquatic environments, poses significant challenges to water resource management, ecological health, and infrastructure maintenance. To effectively monitor and manage siltation, accurate data acquisition methods are crucial. Bathymetric data offer high-resolution spatial data, allowing for precise identification of sediment accumulation zones and the tracking of sediment transport pathways. This study focuses on siltation monitoring within an inland water channel: Abuloma River, using the bathymetric surveying data, which involves measuring the depth and morphology of water bodies. The bathymetric data was acquired using MK III single beam dual frequency echo sounders, processed and analyzed using Qinsy software. ArcGIS software was used to quantify sediment deposition rates, distribution, and changes in underwater topography. The result of the study shows a siltation rate of 762.249m3/year. This study underscores the importance of bathymetric surveying as a powerful tool in siltation monitoring efforts. It emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration between hydrologists, engineers, ecologists, and GIS specialists to effectively analyze and interpret the collected data. Ultimately, siltation monitoring using bathymetric surveying data contributes to a holistic approach in managing sediment-related challenges and promoting sustainable water resource management practices.

Lying somewhere between Production Geology, Operations, Seismology, Reservoir Engineering and Production Technology, petrophysics plays a key role in ensuring the successful development of a well, and the characterization of a reservoir. The exploration of hydrocarbon exploration in Niger Delta spans over
several decades althogh the exploration exercise is gradually shifting to the deep offshore, the channel sand deposits is targeted as the main exploration point for both the onshore and offshore exercise. This research paper reiterates the relevance of petrophysical analysis of well log data in establishing the hydrocarbon potential of sandstone reservoirs of Niger Delta Basin. The well logs data was obtained in electronic version (LAS file), the quality checks, accuracy, content policy and confidentiality remained the right of Department of Petroleum Resources (D.P.R.) Nigeria. The wireline data comprises of gamma ray, resisitiviy (deep), sonic, and neutron logs, intergrated with the calculated field curves which include archies water saturation (SW), total porosity (PHiT), bulk-volume water (BVW) and shale volume (VSH), from two exploratory wells namely EMI-04 and EMI-05. The interpretation for the petrophyiscal analysis was conducted using Schlumberger’s PETREL E&P software 2013, while the field recorded logs and the calculated curves were all presented in different tracks Several hydrocarbon bearing intervals were delineated from the interpretation of these suites of wireline data. The hydrocarbon bearing intervals across the two wells were categorized into three distinctive reservoirs, Reservoir A, encountered between intervals 2610ft and 3068ft, has an average pay thickness of 40.4ft, Reservoir B encountered along interval 4011ft to 4690ft has an average pay thickness of 16ft, reservoir C encountered between interval 5305ft and 6930ft with an average pay thickness of 61ft. The average hydrocarbon saturation, effective porosity and bulk-volume water for reservoir A, B and C, are 52%, 32% and 0.0580; 35 %, 28% and 0.2096; and 42%, 22% and 0.1572 respectively. The values of effective porosity and hydrocarbon saturation calculated for the hydrocarbon bearing zones are good enough for commercial accumulation and production of hydrocarbon. The petrophysical analysis of these reservoirs indicated that, the reservoirs could be highly productive. Due to the limited availability of logs, two types of fluids; water and hydrocarbon could be delineated.

The study on petrophysical properties have been conducted. The wells (X1, X2 and X3) in the Zeta Field may be developed if the result of investigation is appreciable as it is necessary for well development, well bore stability and could be used to characterize oil reservoirs. Microsoft excel was adequate for the data processing and analysis. The petrophysical properties results for well X1 include average values of water saturation, porosity and permeability as 0.30 (30%), 19% and 10.36 millidarcy. This means that about 70% hydrocarbon saturation could be available with adequate connectivity of pores for accumulation and migration of reservoir fluids. For well X2, the average is 0.16 (which is 16%), 30%, and 21.54 millidarcy respectively. Therefore, the hydrocarbon saturation is about 84% with a very good class of porous formation and therefore can store and transmit fluid. The average noted from well X3 for water saturation, porosity and permeability correspond to 0.27 (27%), 24% and 13.42 millidarcy. The average results of the other properties studied include Shear Modulus, Lame`s Constant, and Young`s Modulus as 9.20 x 109 N/m2, 5.0 x 1013 N/m2 and 2.12 x 1010 N/m2 ,respectively from well X1. Also, the average obtained from well X2 are 3.94 x 109 N/m2 for Lame`s Constant, 5.82 x 109 N/m2 for Shear Modulus and 1.34 x 1010 N/m2 for young`s modulus. Well X3 findings have the average results as Shear Modulus = 7.64 x 109 N/m2, Lame`s Constant = 5.18 x 109 N/m2 and young`s modulus = 1.77 x 1010 N/m2. These results indicate that the studied reservoir formation is brittle and wells could stand a test of time. This information implies that the hydrocarbon saturation is about 73%, highly porous and has the ability to accumulate and migrate fluids. The results of their dependent parameters are presented in section 4. Properties like acoustic impedance and shear impedance have an average of 7.5 x 106 and 4.6 x 106 for well X1, 5.7 x 106 ,and 3.5 x 106 for Well X2; 6.7 x 106 and 4.1 x 106 ,for Well X3 respectively.